What Are Acne Scars and How Are They Treated?
Acne scars result from disrupted wound healing (elevated MMP, reduced TIMP, abnormal TGF-β1 signaling), classified into ice pick, boxcar, and rolling scars that respond differently to treatment. The standard approach is morphology-driven treatment — classify first, then select technique: subcision, fractional laser, RF microneedling, TCA CROSS, and biostimulators/fillers as appropriate, with PN as an adjunct only.

